The Culture Of An Organization - 2406 Words

The culture of an organization is like a river. It can be fluid, strong and consistent, serving as lubricant while guiding its members in the right direction. In contrast a river can become stale and toxic, silently killing those who drink at its shore.1 —Ron Kaufman Tyco International was nearly ruined because of the unethical corporate culture Kozlowski was implementing. According to a study on leadership and organizational culture by T. Gilberson et al., the values within the organization can be linked to the personality characteristics of the CEO. It is upper management that is believed to be the primary influence on the creation and development of organizational culture.2 Kozlowski put policies in place to misappropriate the funds of the company, these policies directly violated company culture. The other directors began to follow these policies even thought they knew it went against company policy. Why? According to social cognitive theory, individuals are proactively involved in their own development; What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. 4 If we believe this statement to be true than why were the subordinates at Tyco influenced by the leaders to engage in unethical corporate culture. We could consider D. Lease’s explanation that control through culture is so powerful that once these values are internalized; they become part of the individual‘s values, and the individual follows organizational values without thinking about them.5 AnotherShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Of An Organization791 Words   |  4 PagesLussier and Achua define culture as, â€Å"the aggregate of beliefs, norms, attitudes, values, assumption s, and ways of doings things that is shared by members of an organization and taught to new members.† (p. 358). The culture of an organization can take time to develop and once it has been cemented it can be difficult to change. Organizations can change their culture from within or bring in new leadership to change their culture. Leaders can shape the culture of their organization by either substantiveRead MoreOrganizations as Cultures1084 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction If one looks at the organization as a human body with a respiratory system, a skeleton, and a brain, the culture of the organization is its face. The organizational culture determines how individuals, both in and outside of the organization, perceive the way business is conducted. The National Defense University Website, in a section called Organizational Culture, highlights several cultural forms including language, use of symbols, ceremonies, customs, methods of problem solvingRead MoreThe Culture Of An Organization2334 Words   |  10 PagesThe culture of an organization sets the tone for any work environment. Human resources and organizational culture works best together when an organization realizes if a potential employee is the best fit for the organization’s culture. However, the prospective employee must understand and realize if they are the best fit for the organization’s culture. Organizational culture relies on practices of the organization and how it affects the employee; it is the environment of the workplace. â€Å"Leaders firstRead MoreThe Culture Of An Organization1921 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizations develop a culture through many different ways. As an organization ages, evolves, and grows, this culture may change, or even become divided. Understanding the nuances of the culture of an organization is difficult. Leaders of organizations must be able to not only understand, but also influence the culture of their organization. Leaders are responsible for steering the organization, and generally aim to impress their way of thinking, feeling, and behaving onto followers. At firstRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization1231 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Culture Organizational Culture exists in every firm, thereby placing a significant impact on the motivational factors of employees. It is communicated through perception using values, artifacts, and the assumption of how things in are done in an organization (Daft Marcic, 2010). In fact, every firm has its exceptional personality known as culture. The organizational culture presents guidelines and boundaries for the employees’ behavior in a firm, which influences the organizationalRead MoreThe Concept Of Culture Of An Organization1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of culture The culture of an organization is the key element to understand both internal and external environment. As we have sensed that cultural diversity is no longer a serious problem to be solved in business. Conversely, culture can provide a source of competitive advantage (Schneider and Barsoux, 2003). Under the influence of pop culture, people are supposed to pursue alike: using iphone or Samsung Galaxy, drinking Starbucks or Costa, and eating fast food in such brands of McDonaldRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe organization that I work for has many locations but I will concentrate on my work site. The organizational focuses on the well being of the residents and families. For this paper, I decided to focus more on the organizational culture. I will look into how the administrations of this organization are directly responsible for building and sustaining the culture within an organization. Organizational Culture is the shared values and beliefs that underlie a company’s identity. In my organizationRead MoreOrganizational Culture : An Organization960 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Culture is defined according to Kreitner and Kinicki (2013, p. 62) as, â€Å" the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.† In addition to the core definition, organizational culture encompasses three critical layers that build off one another. The three layers are Observable Artifacts, Espoused Values, and Basic Assumptions. By, defining what organizational culture is inRead MoreThe Organizational Culture Of An Organization1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe organizational culture of an organization serves as a foundation that should guide the practice and attitude of all healthcare professionals and staff. King Demarie (2015) describes organizational c ulture as the basis that determines right and wrong. A hospital organization’s mission, vision, and goals are derived from the culture established within the organization. Organizational decisions are highly influenced by the organizational culture within an environment. Growth, advancementsRead MoreAn Organization s Culture And Principles Of The Organization1144 Words   |  5 Pages An organization is determined by its value and behaviors that subsidize to the exclusive culture and principles environment of the organization, which includes the organization’s philosophy, expectations, practices, and norms that hold the structure together and expresses the society’s image with internal relationship, external influences, and future planning. At the same time, rules, beliefs, attitudes, and customs have been developed over periods and become the shared culture within the organization

Essay about Othello as Victim of Hamartia - 2057 Words

Othello as Victim of Hamartia By definition, a tragedy is a story that details the downfall of a protagonist. Most often, the protagonist (tragic hero) is a member of high society who is faced with an oppositional force, be it internal or external. In his Poetics, Aristotle states that tragedy is the imitation of an action; and an action implies personal agents, who necessarily possess certain distinctive qualities both of character and thought; for it is by these that we qualify actions themselves, and these- thought and character- are the two natural causes from which actions spring, and on actions, again all success or failure depends.... This quote illustrates an aspect of tragedy upon which many works are based, including†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of the play, Shakespeare illustrates Othello as a benevolent military noble who shares an intellectual love with his young wife, Desdemona, that is of utmost purity and innocence. At once the evil character of Iago is introduced and uncover s the heros tragic flaw; ultimately that of naivetà ©. Although Othello is usually a very even-tempered man, as can be seen when he refuses to let Iago persuade him to get angry at Roderigo, (I, ii, 6), an exteriour opposing force characterized by Iago, perpetuates the tragedy of the play by provoking the interiour opposing force, or the hamartia of the protagonist. Near the beginning of the play, Shakespeares clever demonstration of dramatic irony allows the reader to realize Othellos tragic flaw in the fact that he hands his full trust over to a man who is Janus-faced and dishonest. ...my ancient; a man he is of honesty and trust. To this conveyance I assign my wife. The irony from this line lies in Othellos misconception of his ensign, Iago, who is already plotting against him for his own means. After witnessing Iagos conspiracy with Roderigo at the ruination of Othello in the previous act, the reader immediately sees Iagos villainess, however in innocence, Othello is blinded to it and by it. From this we see, as in many tragedies, the tragic heros flaw is not actually a defect in itself, but rather an excess of a virtue. In the case of Othello, this perilous virtueShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Blindness And Deception In Othello1360 Words   |  6 PagesNot All Can Truly Be Seen: An Analysis of the Impact of Blindness and Deception in Othello As much as humans want to believe and trust others, hesitation occurs due (to) a certain act called deception. All humans have the ability to be deceptive, although some more than others, there are too many who become a victim as a consequence of metaphorical blindness. In the play Othello by William Shakespeare, blindness to the truth results from the antagonist’s acts of deception derived from desire andRead MoreTragedy In Shakespeares Othello1519 Words   |  7 Pagesconstruct the classic tragedy. This can be observed through action as seen in Shakespeare’s Othello. Shakespeare’s play Othello, most closely resembles the Greek philosopher’s theory of tragedy that achieves Aristotle s four unities (simplify this sentence): Hamartia, Peripetia, Anagnorisis and Catharsism. With Shakespeare adapting Aristotle’s theory of tragedy and its unities, it enables the playwright to present Othello as the tragic hero of the play that drives the narrative rath er than MachiavellianRead MoreOthello Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Essay William Shakespeare’s Othello tells a story of the tragic downfall of a man through jealousy and mistrust, influenced by the manipulative actions of another. Due to innumerable changes within society over time, it is inevitable that a wide range of critical interpretations and readings of the text will emerge. My personal interpretation of the play draws from the concepts of the traditional Aristotelian views of a tragedy. An Aristotelian interpretation concerns itself with whetherRead MoreA Scrutiny of Othellos Character as a Tragic Hero2197 Words   |  9 PagesIn Othello, the Moor of Venice, the titular character, Othello, is the protagonist and subject to scrutiny as to whether or not he is a tragic hero in the conventional Aristotelian definition of the term. Aristotle believed a tragedy served to exercise the mature citizens moral sensibilities (Ferrari, 1999, p. 181). There are several different components of Aristotles definition of a tragic hero, which essentially serve as a set of criteria to determine whether or not Othello truly is a tragicRead MoreMirror of Good and Evil in Shakespeares Othello696 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Othello, the tragic hero, Othello, and the antagonist, Iago, are portrayed in very differing ways. Despite this fact, Iago repr esents the glaring faults and imperfections that Othello has, which ultimately leads to his downfall. Shakespeare very effectively uses Iago as a device to reveal Othello’s hamartias. The jealousy, mistreatment of women and racial insecurities are all flaws that Othello exhibits which are reflected in Iago’s character as well. As Othello’s flaws transpireRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare2324 Words   |  10 Pagesinvaluable for literary critics. It has been used for centuries to determine which plays can be labeled â€Å"tragedy,† and which fail to qualify. According to Aristotle’s definition, Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice can only be considered an Aristotelian tragedy if Othello can be classified as a â€Å"tragic hero†, if the play evokes both pity and fear, and if it is enhanced through both rhythm (meter) and melody. According to Aristotle, the protagonist of a tragedy can only be consideredRead Moreâ€Å"Aristotle’s Definition of the Tragic Hero and Irony in Tragedy† Oedipus Rex, Othello, and Death of a Salesman3217 Words   |  13 Pagesmisfortune due to some flaw of character or failure to find/some deviation from the moral and righteous path, which is referred to as the hamartia. (Myers) However, he cannot be of paramount virtue or righteousness for this would objectify him, in turn isolating him from human perceptivity and compassion though he must be of high or noble character. The hamartia at some point must be realized by the character and this experience is known as an anagnorisis; it is to be noted that the relationship betweenRead MoreDesdemona from Othello Essay example1358 Words   |  6 Pagesideology that she is not meant to be liked, merely pitied for her misfortune as a tragic victim (commonly defined as someone who dies due to the faults of others). Throughout O thello, Desdemona is presented as pure and innocent – in regards to this, Auden’s comment is unusual as Desdemona is seldom criticised; indeed many critics are complementary, giving her titles such as ‘gentle Desdemona’. Desdemona is a victim of both Othello’s jealousy (the ‘green-eyed monster’) and Iago’s malevolence. HoweverRead MoreOthello is Not a Tragic Hero Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesOthello has been described as one of William Shakespeare’s most popular plays because the play focuses on its themes of good and evil, military, politics, love and marriage, religion, racial prejudice, gender conflict, and sexuality; but the controversy and debate surrounding Othello is â€Å"Why is Othello a qualification for a tragedy?† Most readers are aware of the many famous deaths or acts of death within the Shakespearean plays. And when the main characters die in Shakespeare’s plays, indeedRead MoreOedipus The King And The Moor Of Venice1294 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King was written by Sophocles in 430 B.C, and Othello, the Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare in 1604. Both stories involve tragedies that occur to the protagonists. Tragedy’s definition, â€Å". . . presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death† (Meyer 1091). Sophocles’ play informs us, the protagonists arrogances and

Vegetarianism Free Essays

Meat: It Does My Body Good I eat meat; I drink milk; I eat eggs. I don’t eat it at every meal, but I do eat it daily. For the sake of this essay, I will state that I, clearly, am not a vegetarian. We will write a custom essay sample on Vegetarianism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Let me begin by explaining the term vegetarian as used in this essay: a vegetarian is a person that does not consume meat. There multiple forms of vegetarianism: ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products; lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs; ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes dairy and eggs but not meat. A vegan is the strictest vegetarian diet and excludes all animal products including eggs, dairy and honey. Some vegetarian diets, however, do include fish or chicken, but not ‘red’ meat. After reading several articles on the pros and cons of being, or not being, a vegetarian, I came upon an article by William T. Jarvis, PH. D entitled â€Å"Why I Am Not A Vegetarian† that encompassed many of my same views. Dr. Jarvis, now retired, was a professor of public health and preventive medicine at Lorna Linda University, and founder and president of The National Council Against Health Fraud and he is a Seventh Day Adventist. Seventh Day Adventists are strong believers in vegetarianism, which is one reason why I enjoyed his opposing viewpoint. In the article by Dr. Jarvis, several topics and theories are discussed including his observation on classifying vegetarians in two behavioral categories: pragmatic or ideologic. A pragmatic vegetarian is rational and most often are vegetarian out of health related concerns, but an ideologic vegetarian is one that is more emotionally rooted in the behavior ‘as a matter of principle’ so to speak. It is his views on the pragmatic vegetarian that closely mirror my own. In the article, Dr. Jarvis points out that it is possible to obtain all the essential nutrients needed, except vitamin B-12, by eating a vegetarian diet; however, he also points out that the same can be said for eating an all meat diet, too. While I understand the need that some have to refrain from eating certain foods for health related issues, I believe that our body needs meat. Also, to me, meat tastes good. The quality of protein from meat exceeds the quality of protein from plants. Meat contains much more protein by mass, and this protein contains all the essential amino acids, in the correct balance. Meat is also rich is Iron which is needed by pregnant women and middle-aged women approaching menopause. Many argue that there are certain health risks of eating meat, especially red meat, but they often tend to be exaggerated. Avoid processed meat and try to eat lean meat as much as possible, and meat can be very healthy in the diet, and does not increase risk of heart disease or cancer, as Dr. Jarvis also pointed out in his article quoting scientific data from nutrition-related research supports vegetarianism only tentatively. Another reason I think eating meat is healthier than a vegetarian diet is that we, humans, are fully able to digest meat. We have canine teeth, which allow us to chew meat, and enzymes in our stomach and small intestine to digest it. In conclusion, eating meat tends to be an economical option for nutrition overall. While it is possible to get all the nutrients in meat on a vegetarian diet, it is much more difficult, often resulting in the need to obtain various types of grains to ensure that no vitamins, minerals, or amino acids are missing. This can be inconvenient and costly, and difficult to prepare. Meat supplies us with the vitamins we need in everyday life. Although, the other articles I read are opposed to meat eating; they still share the health risks of not eating meat, and that meat does the body good. Work Cited â€Å"Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. † Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. lt;http://www. quackwatch. org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/vegan. htmlgt;. How to cite Vegetarianism, Papers

Britain Petroleum Management

Question: Write an essay and discuss both the attractions and disadvantages of BP as a possible take-over target, and identify the most probable bidders for BP.Give some examples of the problems that face these potential bidders in terms of political issues and managerial styles. Discuss whether a continuation oflow oil prices, as seen in the first quarter of 2015, will accelerate any take-over bid, or would low prices be another barrier? Answer: Introduction Britain Petroleum (BP) is one of the most important international oil as well as gas companies in the world. They provide customers fuel for transportation, lubricants for moving of engines, energy to generate heat as well as light and products for petrochemicals that is used to daily items such as paints, packaging as well as clothes. BP, first sell its oil in Britain, it is known to others and become popular because of its good quality selling of gasoline. It is unique from other oil company because of the selling of better energy. The aim of BP is to be a company of oil and gas that will grow above the long term. They always enhance both risk management as well as safety, earn the trust of the people and give values to their shareholders (Chan, 2011). It will simplify their organization as well as bitterly turn the portfolio. They mainly focus in executing their companys operations and the use of capital. Advantages of BP as a possible take-over target The companies dealing with oil as well as gas company like BP generates a huge turnover for all industries. It can also be found that $25 billion cash flow was delivered by BP in the year 2005. The cash to be proceeded is $8.3. Thus the past record of BP is attractive for the bidders to takeover. The advantages for the bidders are the following: Reduction in cost: The dividend quarterly payment is suspended by BP with a percentage of 9.5 per share that amounted to $2.6 billion to the shareholders. It causes reduction in the cost as well as maximization in the profit. Moreover, Bp agrees to sell nearly $7 billion assets in North America as well as in Egypt (Hou, Ko and Lin, 2011). It has cut down 20% of the employees for maintaining capital expenditure as well as established escrow fund of $20 billion for victims of oil spreading. All theses strategies attract the bidders towards their business. Marketing and Sales: BP deals with the energy resources and for dealing with those resources BP has spent $1.4 billion. But the industry is facing some financial problems and due to this it has dividend alternative energy budget into $1 billion as well as $500 billion. Innovation of Process: The innovation approach of recovering oil to boost out the process significantly was done by going into deep sea shores that utilized polymer popcorn technique as one of the most important innovative method done by BP (Kadiri, 2011). Disadvantages of BP as a possible take-over target The government of British has told BP that it would be against the potential takeover of the company. Over the last 10 years the share market of BP decreases nearly one-fifth. It differences the stock market that shows some growth of about 20%. The returns of dividend are negative that becomes a tension for the shareholders. It remains still attractive but BP is quickly flattering a potential take-over target (Klykov, Alushkina and Abrosimova, 2015). BP transforms its strategy between the leadership of cost to the differentiation as the reducing of cost practices leads to fall in oil price as well as oil leakage. Higher Payroll: The salary and wages for the employees in China are lower than US. If Petro China takeover BP, then they have overpay the employees than usual (Kolosova, 2011). It results in disruption in cost, insufficient cost management as well as workforce risk from top to bottom. Overlapping management: The combinations of assets needs to be downsized if Exxon Mobile takeover Bp. They have different process as well as system. This overlapping of management will create dissatisfaction among the employees that may happen to lose their jobs and others may need longer time to familiarize with the new system that again may incur loss (Shever, 2010). Political Issues faced by the bidders BP challenges the political risks in those countries that are producing oil by doing partnerships as well as signed an agreement with the country. BP signed a contract with a Russian oil company, Roseneft. The indecision of BP faces over the final cost based on the drop of oil price in the year 2010. Its disclosure to Russia through its stake in the state controlled oil company Rosneft would discourage the group of US. The oil energy market becomes more unstable due to instability in the geopolitical (Uhr, 2012). The deterioration in the climate from the emissions of CO2 leads the government to support more sustainable form of energy. The market of oil as well as gas becomes volatile due to the growing requirement of oil in the market. The company which is thinking of bidding for the BP to takeover find that if their takeover includes the penalty then it will be huge loss for them. Another issue is that BP is conducting their business unethically at that country so there was a big ch ance of getting a ban for that company. It is also a risk for bidding the company (Zubailov, 2015). As it is expected that US politicians including Barrack Obama was not in favour of the company that forced them to cut off their business in the market of US. This kind of political situation forced to increase the liability of the company in the Gulf of Mexico that contributes to the continuous drop of their share price in the market. Problem of managerial style faced by the bidders Above the past ten years the business of British petroleum is rapidly decreasing in term of their sells and market share. Due to this factor the prices of British petroleum are decreasing day by day. There are some problems related to the management of the company that are facing the potential bidders of the company. Quick decision of management: Some situation arises when the management needs to take quick decision about the business. Quick decisions are made for getting recovered from the losses occurred (Brondoni, 2015). The decision of executive committee of British petroleum is impaired. Executive committee of this company take decision under pressure in order to take decision quickly. It has been from that there is 20% loss of senior executive manager after the process of merger. Lack of necessary skills: The management of British petroleum face a lack of skills in their members. It lacks the ability to face the problem lead to spill that the company is facing. Inability of recovery: The management expert of British petroleum became unable of face the dynamic changes of market. These problems are faced by the potential bidders of the company. Potential bidders are not getting attracted b their managerial style. The management of this company is showing their inability to fix problem of lowering the prices of oil. So they are in turn unable to take decision about solving the problem. Inability of planning: The management of British petroleum is not able to take right decision at right time. They have faced a failure in anticipating the disaster of low market share for the company. Each management should start with planning. The government have not checked the magnitude of the problem and believe the information provided by the management of British petroleum. Lack of coordination: One of the core management problems that the potential bidders of British petroleum are facing is the information of media provided by the management of this company. The problem is about the public image of the company. The management of the company wanted to hide their financial status and public image from the media. So they have provided wrong information to the media. The potential bidder of the company gets wrong information about the company in the media (Chanysheva and Biryukova, 2015). It creates a problem to the potential bidders of the company for not getting the right information about the company. Lack of resources: The management of British petroleum lacks resources to mitigate the problem of low price. It hampers the interest of potential bidders of British petroleum. The management of this company lacks the resources to cop up with the competitive advantages of the market. Unethical practice: One of the big problems that the potential bidders of this company are facing in the unethical practices of the Management of the company (Peterson and Peterson, 2015). The Government of US are charging huge amount of penalty from this company. The potential bidders of the company are thing that if take over the company It will be a loss to them because of giving too much penalty charge to the government. Loss of profit: Any company who will go for taking over a company would think about the profitability of take over. Bt the British petroleum is now facing low market share and low price, so it would be harder for a management team of a company about taking over the company. Would low price of oil accelerate bid or another barrier? According to research it has been found that the economy of united state is the popular and largest consumer of oil. Most of the cases show that the management are now focused on reducing the relative price of the oil in order to reduce consumption of energy. At first the cartel needs to be restart the authority over the oil prices so that value of crude can be varied between the nations. This case implies that relative production cost should be varied between the nations. The nation should increase the spending in order to reduce the unemployment. The nation should push the prices of the product in order to adjust the cuts in prices. Research shows that the nation is trying to develop the some aspect of the business in order to make the prices of the oil higher (Mohajer, 2015). The company is planning to induce the prices of the oil at breakeven point in order to meet the demand of the customers. This will not only lead to increase in prices of oil but also increase the growth of ec onomy. In this way geographical risk can be minimized. It can be observed that market segmentation of oil has been changed and demand and supply for oil are changing rapidly. It would hurt the producing of countries, at the same time will also reduce the prices. The aim of the government would be to push the prices of the oil, at the same cheaper cost of the oil can be made. The suppliers of energy are resisting on the gases. The fuel price not only hurt the consumer but also hurt the farmers and manufacturers. Many cases show that it has also been hurting the government as well as the economy of the country (Vladimirov, 2015). Government professionals have been discouraged in many ways and many cases. Low price level of fuel decreases the carbon as well as decreases the economic perspective of the country. Low cost of British petroleum will reduce the market share of the company. It will lead to take over of the company by the bidders at low cost (Murto and Vlimki, 2015). Due to managerial and political problem it is very tog to regain the market value. So it is better to take over the company by another company. The low price of British petroleum will ultimately reduce the market value of the company. For this the company will lose its competitive advantage in the company. Supermarkets are also facing the problem of price cutting (Zeeb et al. 2015). Lo w gas and oil price of British petroleum will also decrease the economic level of this country. Conclusion It is being concluded that BP provides their customers fuel for transportation, lubricants for moving of engines, and products for petrochemicals. It is the most focused Oil as well as Gas Company with an opportunity to grow in the future. Its strong financial structure offers the base for their long-term strategy. They are aiming to generate an increase in the net cash by 50% offers by operating activities by 2014. It aims to utilize half of the incremental operating cash for reinvestment and half for any other purposes. Over the last 10 years the share market of BP decreases nearly one-fifth. It differences the stock market that shows some growth of about 20%. The returns of dividend are negative that becomes a tension for the shareholders. It remains still attractive but BP is quickly flattering a potential take-over target. Reference List Brondoni, S. (2015). Product Design Management and Global Competition.Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (1). Chan, M. (2011). Fatigue: the most critical accident risk in oil and gas construction.Construction Management and Economics, 29(4), pp.341-353. Chanysheva, I. and Biryukova, V. (2015). THE MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES OIL COMPLEX.OGBUS, (3), pp.576-589. Hou, S., Ko, Y. and Lin, T. (2011). Study on incineration technology of oil gas generated during the recovery process of oil spill.Energy Conversion and Management, 52(3), pp.1662-1668. Kadiri, S. (2011). Safety Management Systems and Disaster Reduction in Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria.Epidemiology, 22, pp.S179-S180. Klykov, M., Alushkina, T. and Abrosimova, M. (2015). THERMAL DEHYDRATION OF OIL.OGBUS, (2), pp.266-280. Kolosova, O. (2011). Problems of salaries management in oil and gas companies.EoR, pp.167-175. Mohajer, L. (2015). Take Over Take Over / You are Teachers / Take Over: Disagreements and the Construction of Power among Women.International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(12), pp.1017-1023. Murto, P. and Vlimki, J. (2015). Large common value auctions with risk averse bidders.Games and Economic Behavior, 91, pp.60-74. Peterson, T. and Peterson, C. (2015). Educating Student Managerial Leaders: What Critical Behaviors Should Be Developed?.Journal of Educational Issues, 1(1), p.135. Porporato, M. (2015). Instructional Case: Logistics Costs Behavior and Management in the Auto Industry.Issues in Accounting Education, p.150604153613008. Shever, E. (2010). Engendering the Company:Corporate Personhood and the Face of an Oil Company in Metropolitan Buenos Aires.PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 33(1), pp.26-46. Uhr, J. (2012). Book Review: Ethics and Public Policy: Contemporary Issues.Political Science, 64(1), pp.81-82. Vladimirov, V. (2015). Financing bidders in takeover contests.Journal of Financial Economics. Zeeb, K., Buchner, A. and Schrauf, M. (2015). What determines the take-over time? An integrated model approach of driver take-over after automated driving.Accident Analysis Prevention, 78, pp.212-221. Zubailov, G. (2015). EFFICIENCY RISE OF GAS LEAKAGE CONTROL THROUH FAILURE CONNECTIONS OF GAS DISTRIBUTION AND GAS CONSUMPTION NETWORK EQUIPMENT.OGBUS, (2), pp.179-190.

Romeo and Juliet Study Guide Questions and Answers Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet: Study Guide Questions and Answers Paper Prologue: In what city does this play take place? Verona, Italy Prologue: Why are Romeo and Juliet called Star-crossd lovers ? They are not destined to be together Act 1 scene 1: Who is fighting at the beginning of the first scene? Sampson, Gregory, Abram, and Balthazar( servants of the Capulets and the Montagues) Act 1 scene 1: Who tries to break up the fighting? Benvolio Act 1 scene 1: What threat does the Prince make to Lord Montague and Lord Capulet? That the next person to start a public brawl will be put to death Act 1 scene 1: Benolio and Montaguue describe the way Romeo has been acting. What do they say about him? Gloomy, cries a lot, not talking, seclusive Act 1 scene 1: Why is Romeo so sad? He has unrequited love Act 1 scene 1: What is Benvolios advice to Romeo? To move and find a new girl Act 1 scene 2: Why does Capulet think it will be easy for Montague and him to keep the peace? Because they are both old and tired Act 1 scene 2: What does Paris ask of Capulet? Juliets hand in marriage Act 1 scene 2: What is Capulets first answer? No, she is too young Act 1 scene 2: A bit later Capulet appears to change his mind about Pariss question. What does he tell Paris? Paris must win her heart and Juliet must agree. Then he will marry them Act 1 scene 2: What is the name of the woman Romeo loves? Rosaline Act 1 scene 2: What do Romeo and Benvolio decide to do? Go to the party Act 1 scene 3: How old is Juliet and when is her birthdate? 13 about to be 14, and Lammas Eve at night Act 1 scene 3: When Lady Capulet asks Juliet how she feels about the marriage, what is Juliets answer? Its an honor she dreams not of Act 1 scene 4: According to Mercutio, who or what is Queen Mab, and what does she do? She is a small fairy that gives dreams to men wherever she lands Act 1 scene 5: What does Romeo think of Juliet when he firsts sees her? That he has not seen true beauty till this night Act 1 scene 5: How does Tybalt recognize Romeo? By his voice Act 1 scene 5: How does Romeo find out about Juliets name? He asks the Nurse and she tells him

Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity

In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po... Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po...

Leader ship class 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leader ship class 3 - Essay Example This can be done through the study of all the employees and their competitive performance in the recent seasons and events within the organization. The wage record over last few seasons is of importance and allows making decision in a more professional manner. All the bonuses and increments so added are compared against the performance delivered by the individuals. This in parallel with those who have had good performances yet little lift up in the financial aspect can also be encouraged and accommodated through the layoff schemes. The decisions must not be based only on the financial aspect, rather the productivity, the overall benefits to the organization and other factors. The old age pension scheme, those who are of little value and have showed inclination towards self retirement may also be considered for a lay off. The annual budget values must also be taken into account against the given set of number of employees and the subsequent decision of

Appeal letter Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Appeal letter - Personal Statement Example In midst of finding my identity and recovering from cultural shock, my grades suffered inevitably. My past is my past. The positive element is to be hopeful about the future. I understand that education is a privilege, not a right. Opportunities are extremely difficult to come by because so many people miss on their first opportunity. However, my goal is to be a better student in all facets and utilize a second chance to harness my academic education. I am dedicating all my time to my academic performance, attending peer tutoring, and have signed up with groups to extend my learning. Socially, I am trying to focus on my cardiovascular health as I heard that it overall stimulates the nervous system and will enhance my mental focus. Lastly, I am enhancing my diet in rich fruits and nuts, the main source of brain power to ensure that I do my best. My only focal point in life is to be a better student. Given an opportunity, I promise to make a second chance my best one

Strategic position analysis and strategy evaluation of a Chinese Essay

Strategic position analysis and strategy evaluation of a Chinese organisation - Essay Example It has controlled the business desktop market and PC market with 87 percent of market purchasing desktops and 84 percent PCs from China manufacturers in 2006 (Salter, 2012). Started out in 1984, it is the largest computer manufacturer within China while second largest globally. The name Lenovo, coined in 2004, is a combination of ‘Le’, meaning ‘legend’ and ‘Novo’ which means ‘new’. As the name depicts, the new legendary organization was formed with mission to introduce new and unique products in markets (Liu, 2012). This was followed by the acquisition of the PC Division of IBM in 2005. Acquisition of a company, that was the inventor of the personal computer industry in 1981, lent credibility to Lenovo and enhanced customer exposure. In 2006, Lenovo attained and set up important investments and centers in China and launched its brands outside of China for the very first time. The entire computer business industry in China flourished from $660 billion in the year 2004 to $779 billion in 2007 (Lenovo, 2013). In this paper we critically analyze the strategic position of the company in the relevant industry as opposed to its major competitors and use different tools to assess its performance over the years. LENOVO’S STANDING IN THE INDUSTRY Lenovo deals mainly in manufacturing of laptops, desktops, ultra-books, tablet PCs and other computer accessories such as headphones, microphone, mouse, keyboard, monitors and server machines etc. It achieved a 19 percent share in the world of computers and notepads. Dell and HP account for 21% and 54% of the whole market respectively. As of today, HP is the market leader in manufacturing of PCs, followed by Lenovo, Dell and Acer (Sun, 2012). Few years back, Lenovo was a heavy loss-making concern in 2008; with turnaround performance, today it is a profitable venture flourishing as we speak. However it did so not through implementation of new strategies; instead, it focus ed on toughening the areas where it needs strength and relied on tried and trusted solutions instead of investing into new experimental measures. It is in a rapid expansion mode and has introduced a new strategy, namely ‘PC+’ whereby it shall depart from its core competence of manufacturing PCs and shall diversify horizontally into other type of devices such as mobile data technology without affecting its current products where it excels. Currently, Lenovo is the second largest manufacturer of PCs, holding 13.50% of market share after HP which holds 17.70%, and has a stable sales growth rate of 30%. However, its profits are growing less than proportionate to the industry trend. The market share of Lenovo in PCs sector is growing while those of Dell and Acer are getting lower. Analysts are of the view that soon it shall outperform HP in near future considering its growth rate of 16.6% as shown in 2011. Within China, which serves as home to Lenovo, it holds a market share of 28.80% only which is although the highest but can be easily improved through knowledge of local conditions and cost-reduction programmes. Revenue generated from Chinese markets constitute to 42% of the total sales made annually by Lenovo across the globe (Singh, 2013). The company has a lack of profitability growth which it should counter through economies of scale and innovation. Innovation has always been Lenovo’s saving grace and the amount of research and development budgets and expenditures allocated to this head define how the

the business model of Apples itunes

the business model of Apples itunes Evaluate the business model of Apples itunes. In particular you should address:- 1. To what extent can the itunes business model be described as an ecosystem and what is the role of IT in enabling the collaboration between Apple, its economic partners and consumers? 2. How does itunes compare with competitors? 3. What new technologies could disrupt the current market by enabling a new form of business model? Introduction Business model in a basic sense deals with the method of doing business in order to generate revenues by which a company sustains itself in the competitive market place ( (Rappa, 2009).According to (Amberg Manuela) analysis on music industries, there are lots of media websites and companies following different business models fallen prey to file sharing tools and peer-peer networks which allow consumers to illegally copy and share the content for free. As a consequence , companies like Apple iTunes and Sony Connect have come up with internet based business models based on pay-per-download and dependent on the technology of the supplier for whom long-term customer relations are very crucial and customers are allowed to use the digital media content particularly with regard to technology of the supplier thus getting advantage and benefitting from selling hardware components because the offer of digital media content advances it. These business models replace the traditional business m odels which are generally based on selling physical media.This paper shows the fair understanding of Apple iTunes business model for its dominance over the current music market and tries to describe the business model with respect to ecosystem and compares iTunes with its key competitors in the market. The biological term ecosystem in this paper refers to the IT ecosystem. (Iansiti Richards, 2005) describes IT ecosystem as network of organizations that drives the creation, innovation and delivery of Information Technology products and services. According to (Cusumano, 2008) the term ‘Platform, is defined as â€Å" Foundation product or key technology in a system like the PC or a web enabled cell phone and should have relatively open technical interfaces and easily licensing terms in order to encourage other firms to contribute complementary product and services. So this can be accounted to an ecosystem around the platform and the platform becomes more valuable when the exter nal entities creative more innovations around it. This should cause more users to adopt the platform and more complementors to join the network. iTunes as an ecosystem Online music hit a new milestone after Apple computer,Inc.(Apple) launched the iTunes application in January 2001 follwed by launch of 1st generation iPod and 2 years later online music store in April of 2003.The two businesses, the production of MP3 players and the online music shops were initially considered as different units and after the invention of new hardware iPod these two businesses were merged. iTunes is a software designed with an intuitive and user friendly interface and iPod is an hardware designed with an eye on fashion. These two together helped Apple to enter and succeed in the music player market infact actually cross promoting the iPod hardware device. Because of their service and innovation Apple retained to grow in the online music field in a better way when compared to its key competitors like Dell, Sony and Samsung( (Li Chang). According to (Schonfeld, 2009) statistics, iTunes have now sold 6 billion songs and 10 million different tracks are now available on iTunes. iTunes is software and iPod is hardware as said by (Li Chang) are two different business units and Apple conjucts these two different products into one new business model. Using ecology to analyze this model(iPod and iTunes) it has set a nice example for ecotone between two species to drive the music industry into new ecosystem. A strong platform is apparent from the combination of both the software and the hardware. The below shows the evolution of new ecosystem with combination of two stand-alone ecosystems. ‘Most companies today inhabit ecosystemsloose networks of suppliers, distributors, and outsourcers; makers of related products or services; providers of relevant technology; and other organizations that affect, and are affected by, the creation and delivery of a companys own offering†¦.. as said by (Iansiti Levien, 2004) shows how business industry can be closely compared to biological ecosystem. Like every individual in the biological ecosystem every organization in the business ecosystem shares the fate of the network as a whole regardless of that members apparent strengths. Comparing this with the Apple business, iPod is not really an innovative technology by itself but the company creates a new ecotone for digital music where all the hardware(iPods) and software(iTunes) are related to it enhances its platform. According to (Koster, 2007) There is a continuous decline in the traditional sale of music sources like retail music stores and the on-going music industries ar e restructuring themselves by merging with other partners to face the loss of revenues and to adopt with the new business strategies and models in the music industry to compete with the counterparts. Even in the digital music world today, legitimate music downloading is continuously changing. Initial music sites have very strong limitations on access catalogs of music, on what could be done with the downloaded music, number of copies, time limits, where to copy. Though Apple iTunes works on this model, it is successful in negotiating a very large music catalog from the four labels from its music site. He says that one large advantage and success for Apple is because of its hardware device iPod where normally music is stored and playback. The revenues from iPods sales continue to grow after the introduction of iTunes. Though Apple had gotten permission from four majors to store their music on its website for consumers to download by promising the copyright protection authority DRM, i t is now planning to get away with DRM because they make the downloaded or recorded music very cumbersome for the consumer. This is evident from (Johnson, 2009) article on web which says By the end of the quarter all 10 million songs will be DRM free in iTunes and iTunes plus, said Phil Schiller, Apples senior vice president of worldwide product marketing. The blog witten by (Vitalari, 2009) clearly examines at the 21st century business model adopted by Apple to become successful in the market. He believes that business platforms are the root cause for cumulative business performance. Apples competitive business platforms is the main drive for innovations like community formation, mass collaboration, social networking, ecosystems, real time analytics, transparency etc. The iPhone App store was launched in July 2008 and today iTunes store is a total set of all forms of the digital media including music, games, software application, podcasts and video assets . As his explanation, the driving factors for Apple success and points out that the effective business platforms have few key ingredients:  · iPods, iphones are not just products instead they represent individual business platforms and they create an ecosystem surrounding the product which means they create a common understanding for business transactions, technical specifications, interface standards and requirements. With the iPhone this includes all of the sub-contracted manufacturers, but more importantly it includes iTunes, the app store and app developers.This results in creating a transparency which enables and facilitates hundreds of participants to collaborate asynchronously and independently.  · This leads directly to the second point, which is that the business platform then helps to generate untold business analytics for the platforms owner.This is because of the elements of the business platform are networked and generates valuable information about the product, ecosystem and participants. Apple used this analytics to fix, improve and enhance the product and finally delighting the customers.  · This in turn creates a community of practice surrounding the business platform, as the collaborators learn how to make better things. IT in enabling collaboration with partners and consumers As a cofounder of Apple, Steve Jobss vision was to create new and different products to consumers and his notion of â€Å"one person-one computer became visionary responsible for Apples reputation for innovation and mission became changing the world by bringing the computers to masses (Richard D Vohr, 1998).Apple came back with reinvention of personal computer with Macintosh in 1980 after igniting the computer industry revolution with inventing Apple II and it is commited to bring the best computing experience to all the fields starting from students, educators, professionals and consumers all around the globe with its innovative software hardware and internet offerings. This Apples mission statements indicates it focuses on innovation and personal computing experience( (Pearlson Saunders, 2009). Apple From 1987-1997 the company suffered due to some major internal problems which affected the strategic leadership and its operations but after Steve Jobss second turn as CEO, company fixed operational problems and regains its innovative leadership dramatically. Few changes like manufacturing outsourcing and improving inventory became straight forward matching Dell, the industry leader.It moved to open industry standards rather than proprietary hardware interfaces that it had maintained for 15 years and thus in a minor way Apples product strategy became more open( (West Mace, 2007).As per ( (Apple Computer, 2006) Apple derives its competitive advantage again by its innovation giving iPod as an example. Apple entered the market with iPod in 2001and by end of fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005, iPods sales gained 33% of the total revenues. The factors which are accountable to their success and uniqueness are its computers based on its own operating system, which enabled further area of innovation.Its Mac OS operating system focuses on more simplicity and seen as graphically sophisticated. (West Mace, 2007)Recent trends have seen increasing strategy convergence be tween Apple and Microsoft .For its video game business, similar to its rivals Sony and Nintendo Microsoft buys the processor but designs its own hardware and software without licensing them to others.Meanwhile ‘Zune, Microsofts music players try to compete successfully to attain equality with Apples iPod. This shows Apple pursued a vertically integrated strategy in its music business. Vertical strategy is single firms controlling the entire platform. Apple leveraging its Macintosh installed base to establish iTunes music store and building iPod business on top of that and now iPhone business shows its expansion into adjacent markets and this loyal installed base makes any company easier to branch into a related market and this becomes a lesson for the other companies and Apple aims at satisfying the costumer not just upgrading the costumers what they have today like the other companies do. When ATT decided to make offer to iTunes many other mobile industries criticized it for making too many concessions to Apple. Due to this offer ATT gets benefit from Apple in two ways , one is Apple increases the average monthly bills for the customers who switch from ATT to iPhone and the second one is it causes existing people to switch from existing carriers to ATT as its the exclusive carrier for iPhone( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). Digital Record Management systems are uses to encrypt the data does not allow illegal or non authorization download of music and currently there are two main formats used for protect downloading of music. One is fairplay and the other is WMA. Fairplay is Apples proprietary technology where it secure the data encrypted in AAC( Advanced Audi Coding) format. WMA is Microsofts Windows media audio video encoding platform. iPods can play only those stuff which are secured through fairplay format and Apple has refuse to lincense this fairplay to other retailers and so it is difficult for iPod users to download music from other retailers other than iTunes music store. But recently Realnetworks in US came up with a package which allows iPod users resident in US to play secures music from Realnetworkss music store Rhapsody. Apple got furious with this and accused Realnetworks of ‘Hacker tactics and Ethics and reported to investigating on that for violating the intellectual rights. If apple is capable of putting an end to such violations then the indispensability of fairplay could be established( (The iTunes music store: does competition law hold the key to closed shop?, 2004) According to insights into IDCs lifesciences by (Swenson Golden, 2005) Apple products are getting attracted by the life science researchers who actually migrated from linux and unix platforms because of the dual nature of Mac OS and its estimated historically that the life scientists have been twice or thrice more likely than the average computer user to Apples Mac platform as client computer thus representing attractive market for Apple. It has announced about its collaboration with airlines which includes Air France, Continental, Delta, United and KLM to integrate the in flight entertainment systems with iPod and taking the current entertainment provided in these airlines to a next level for better travel experience( (Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration, 2006). Sets Apple as an interesting example for not being an open source model in its business strategies but is thought b of being a highly proprietary company from its earlier years. Now it has jumped into open sou rce and have started projects both inside and outside its corporate firewalls. Apples OS X was a open source because it was based on Darwin. Its developer website said that Apples open source projects let key developers to customize and enhance Apple software and through this open source models it allows Apple engineers to collaborate with open source community to come up with better and more reliable products (Goldman Gabriel, 2005). On September 2007, Apple and Starbucks announced their collaboration on Apple letting costumers at Starbucks wirelessly browsing, previewing, buying and downloading music from iTunes music stores at Starbucks on their iPods enhancing Starbucks retail coffee experience by helping customers with discovering new music instantly (Rothman, 2007). These examples shows how Apple is spreading the digital media revolution with its technologically profound products. Apple believes in fully integrated and completely digital learning environment which makes conte nts to move from from application to another and easy to collaborate and share ideas. Integration even reduces the burden of technology challenge. So Apples IT team rather than spending time and money on how to get things working feels it worthwhile to dedicate the same on providing capabilities, innovations and resources for its institution (Everything Apple means everything just works). iTunes and Competitors: The majors competitors for Apple are Google and Microsoft Corporation and other competitors include Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Fujitsu, Samsung Electronics, Sony and Toshiba. Apple is designing software and hardware systems that delivers a greater user experience. Google is giving away operating systems to companies that license windows mobile today. Microsoft needs to think about their business models to compete in such a race where it probably has to decide whether it wants to compete in devices or operating systems and doing both is again at a risk which requires business models that are outside its core competencies( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). There is a partial collision between Apple and RIM in smartphone business in which Apples device is a entertainment centric whereas RIMs product is a communication centric.Though each company is growing into each others space Apple is got the advantage because infrastructure establishment would be too large for RIM and beside that RIMs image is all wrong for that instead it is much better to defend and grow its market by adding more features and types of business communications to Blackberry. Comparing it with Nokia, Nokias challenges are more about challenges. They sell hundred of millions handsets every year at low costs. But without it, Nokia will be really hard pressed to match with the iPhones user experiences. Competitors such as Diamond multimedia, with its Rio brand portable media players were successful in the market until Apple displaced them and all the credits for such a domination goes to the business model of the company by offerings users a seamless music experience by combining its iPod devices with iTunes and online iTunes store. Users were taken away by its value proposition and Apple had to negotiate deals with the major record companies to establish the worlds largest online music library, there giving the twist for the company to earn most of its revenue s by selling iPods while using the integration with the on online music store to protect itself from the competitors( (Osterwalder Yves, 2009).Smartphone users are going to increase in number in the next few years increasing in the PC functionalities supporting data services and voice and this is going to drive smartphone markets and Apple launching the iPhone which meets most of the required functionalities made it to third position in the global smartphone market in the third quarter of 2008. As there is rapid change in the technology there is introduction of new products with competitive prices, features and performance characteristics by all the competitors and out of all, mobile communication industry highly competitive with well funded and experienced competitors. For example in 2009, Nokia launched a new online media store in competition to Apple and this has resulted in price erosion which is now threatening to lessen the market share of the company( (DATAMONITOR, 2009). What new technologies could disrupt the current market by enabling a new form of business model. Apple has become the leader in the music world revolution and it justifies for its closed source system, keeping its digital music platform proprietary making it incompatible by other system by saying that it was the main reason in convincing its music labels and artists allowing them to sell their songs through iTunes assuring that those would not be pirated. But many analysts claim that that closed system was the reason for its previous failure in the computer business and Microsoft gained the masses with their open systems and now that is being seen as a gamble in this highly cometetive technology world (Williard, 2005). According to survey done by Rubicon Consulting Inc on the Apple iPhone users shows that about 43 percent of the iPhone users feels that the device would be more elegant if there is a physical change to the iPhone by adding adding a keyboard or a keypad either by making the device smaller or larger and about 40 percent of the users complain about the browser proble ms and the notably with those using Adobe flash and this shows that mobile data devices has always been segmented and its impossible for any single hardware design to please everyone. This could be an opportunity to Apple to increase its share by serving those customers by giving more importance to value propositions for their products which is again a part of business model and at the same time its an opportunity for its competitors to steal that share by addressing segments Apple failed in( (The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry, 2008). Apple corporation itself has many problems but loss of competitive differentiation due to its Enterprise sytem is not counted in that because of its strong brand and its distinct operating system. For many of the other computer manufacturers cost and service are more vital for their differentiation than their products but for Apple this seems to be a unusual case says (Davenport, 1998). ‘Disruptive Business Models are emblematic of our generation. Yet they remain poorly understood, even as they transform competitive landscapes across industries (Osterwalder Yves, 2009). Conclusion: According to Sankar Dhinu, Apples senior manager of Emerging Technology, to be competitive in worlds high tech industry, one should make use of the facilities like available economic advantage of the manufacturing and distribution and Apple success goes with its interaction with dozens of trading partners , starting from resellers to distributors and OEM manufacturers which in turn helped it to form a global supply chain. Due to increased competition Apple is also facing many pressures and already working towards less limitation and freer access of digital music. Thus majors themselves are getting involved in those changes and Apples CEO Steve Jobs has called for an end to DRM because they make use of downloaded and recorded music very inconvenient and cumbersome for the consumer.( (Koster, 2007) Biblography: Amberg, M., Manuela, S. ANALYSIS OF E-BUSINESS MODELS FOR DIGITAL MEDIA . (2006). Apple Computer. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration. (2006, November 14). Retrieved December 1, 2009, from www.digg.com: http://digg.com/apple/Apple_Partners_with_Airlines_for_iPod_Integration Cusumano, M. (2008). Technology Strategy and Management, The Puzzle of Apple. DATAMONITOR. (2009). Apple Inc. Company Profile. Davenport, T. H. (1998). Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System. Harvard Business Review OnPoint . Everything Apple means everything just works. (n.d.). Retrieved december 1, 2009, from www.images.apple.com: http://images.apple.com/education/leaders-administrators/the-apple-ecosystem.html Goldman, R., Gabriel, R. P. (2005). INNOVATION HAPPENS EVERYWHERE. In R. Goldman, R. P. Gabriel, Open source as business strategy (pp. 3-5). San Francisco: Morgan kaufmann. Iansiti, M., Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as Ecolgy. Harvard Business review. Iansiti, M., Richards, G. L. (2005). Information Technology Ecosystem Health and Performance. Johnson, B. (2009, January 6). Apple drops DRM copy protection from millions of iTunes songs. Retrieved from www.gaurdian.co.uk: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jan/06/apple-drops-itunes-copy-protection Koster, A. (2007). Music Industry: Toward A New Business Model? Journal of Business and Economic Research . Li, Y.-R., Chang, Y. Is the success of iPod Purely Accidental or Inevitable A Business Ecolgy Perspective. Osterwalder, A., Yves, P. (2009). Business Model Generation. Self Published. Pearlson, k. E., Saunders, C. S. (2009). Strategic management of Information Systems. In k. E. Pearlson, C. S. Saunders, Strategic management of Information Systems (p. 25). John Wiley and sons. Rappa, M. (2009). BUSINESS MODELS ON THE WEB. MANAGNG THE DIGITAL ENTERPRISE . Richard D, F., Vohr, J. (1998). APPLE COMPUTER, INC. Rothman, W. (2007, september 5). Apple partners with Starbucks for free WiFi Access to iTunes Music Store. Retrieved december 1, 2009, from www.gizmodo.com: http://gizmodo.com/296696/apple-partners-with-starbucks-for-free-wi+fi-access-to-itunes-music-store Schonfeld, E. (2009, January 6). iTunes sells 6 billions songs , and other fun stats from the Philnote. Retrieved from www.techcrunch.com: http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/01/06/itunes-sells-6-billion-songs-and-other-fun-stats-from-the-philnote/ Swenson, M., Golden, J. B. (2005). Apple and Life science research : Enabling Technologies. Life Science Insights, an IDC company. (2008). The Apple iPhone:Successes and Challenges for the Mobile Industry. (2004). The iTunes music store: does competition law hold the key to closed shop? Vitalari, N. (2009, August 10). Apple and the Rise of Competitive Business Platforms What Other Companies Must Know. Retrieved from www.wikinomics.com: http://www.wikinomics.com/blog/index.php/2009/08/10/apple-and-the-rise-of-competitive-business-platforms-what-other-companies-must-know/ West, J., Mace, M. (2007). ENTERING A MATURE INDUSTRY THROUGH INNOVATION: APPLES IPHONE STRATEGY. Williard, C. (2005). Apple worms its way into the music industry.

Interactivity In Art Essay -- Art Design Artistic Essays

Interactivity In Art Abstract: This essay examines the nature of interactivity in the arts through a cybernetic model, to arrive at an understanding of how interactive artworks can maintain and augment the subjectivity of the viewer. The cybernetic discourse foregrounds the relationship between the physical artifact (machine and/or work of art), the participant/spectator, and information/data/content. By examining the shifts in focus from each part of the cybernetic equation, several models for interactivity in art emerge. In a search for a definitive and user-centered working model of interactivity in the arts, a logical place to look is at the history of cybernetics. Cybernetics, defined by Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine as â€Å"†¦the entire field of control or communication theory, whether in the machine or in the animal† (Wiener 11) contains a number of pointers to a useful model of interactivity. The origin of the term cybernetics from the Greek, meaning â€Å"to steer†, implies a reciprocal relationship between external forces, the machine, and the human to maintain a condition of homeostatic. In a work of interactive art, as in Wiener’s description of a bee-hive, the secret of its organized action lies â€Å"in the intercommunication of its members† (156). A second fertile site to mine for understanding the nature of interaction in the arts is the traditions and conventions of the art object itself; at how the art object is thought to project feeling and meaning , to change across time and culture, and to involve the viewer, temporality, and artist in a dynamic interchange within an aesthetic dimension. Toward these ends, I will address two questions:... ...n, 1999) Susanne K. Langer, Mind, an Essay on Human Feeling, John Hopkins University Press, (London, 1982) John C. Lilly, M.D., Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer, Julian Press Inc, Crown Publishing Group, (New York, 1969) Lev Manovich, The Language of New Media, MIT Press, Leonardo Books, (Cambridge, 2001) __ On Totalitarian Interactivity (notes from the enemy of the people, http://www.manovich.net/text/totalitarian.html, 1996. Heinz von Forester, â€Å"Molecular Ethnology: An immodest proposal for Semantic Clarification, † Observing Systems, 2nd Edition,, Intersystems Publications, (Salinas California 1984) Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, Autopoesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Dordrecht: D. Reidel 1980). Perry Hoberman, Faraday’s Garden, http://www.hoberman.com/perry/pages/faraday/list.html

Meaningful Learning Essay

The importance of education cannot be emphasized enough, as it is the driving force behind our nation’s competitiveness on the global market, and the foundation of our status as a world leader. However, alarming recent statistics conclude that the level of education in our country is rapidly declining. This is the result of repeated failures by various governments to reform our public schools, by using methods that focus on small-part fixes rather than on changing the system at the core. The American public education system has a set of structural problems derived from the level of political involvment. In order to serve their own long term business interests, top CEOs and big corporations invest billions of dollars in our public schools, and in return they are allowed to influence the content of the education programs. In order to be successful, education reform should be free of politics, and it should be up to the experts to decide the direction of curriculum, and what methods are used to assess readiness. Grades and test results are important tools to assess knowledge, but equally important is meaningful learning inspired by competent teachers and exposure to the arts. Millions of students enrolled in the American public schools are not receiving a complete education, mainly because students’ and teachers’ performance is reduced to numbers, such as grades and test results. In order to meet the national standards, educators are under immense pressures to produce certain results, and children are mislead in thinking that if they get high scores in english and math, they are successful products of the school system. And so, under current reform, educators often lose sight of what’s important, and that is developing the child’s individuality by aiding them explore all aspects of themselves and the world around them. As a result, students no longer learn with pleasure, or for their own benefit and for the beauty of knowledge. Critics argue that â€Å"Children will race to the top when they discover passion and purpose from the inside, not because of extrinsic rewards like test scores, grades, or trophies† (Price-Mitchell 2). A child’s education should be molded around their pesonal qualities, interests, and aptitudes. In order to find out how to spark a student’s interest in the academic material, and decide what methods to use in order to motivate them, a teacher must primarily know the child’s likes and dislikes. That way, the educator should be able to connect the curriculum with examples from the student’s personal life, and things that the child can relate to. At the same time, the student will also get to know themselves and their environment better. Through self exploration, the child can find their true vocation. Self-knowledge also teaches students how to use their strenghts and how to overcome their weaknesses to improve academic performance. Therefore, in order to improve both students’ and teachers’ achievements, the public education policy should shift its focus away from high test scores, and enforce meaningful learning inspired by self-discovery. An effective school system should free teachers of the burden of restrictive polictics, and allow them to inspire meaningful learning in students, by utilizing their own personal traits, knowledge and skills. People always search for the best quality service they can get: the best doctor, the best lawyer, or the best accountant. Quality is even more relevant when we think of someone as important as the person in charge of our children’s education, which eventually dictates their path in life. That is because in a young student’s mind, the connection between their overall school experience and their teacher’s persona is so strong, that it sets the tone for their entire educational career. There are even instances when a child prefers the safehaven of a classroom, as opposed the grim reality of a bad neighborhood or a troubled household. That’s why a teacher should be more than just an instructor, they should become a child’s mentor, by developing a caring and compassionate relationship with each student. By connecting with kids on a personal level, a good teacher can taylor their technique in accordance to their students’ various interests and potentials. By arousing kids’ curiosity to the curriculum, teachers can motivate students to come to scool, and do well. Critics argue that good teachers are becoming an endangered species in the American education system, mainly because of misguided school politics â€Å"driven by the arrogance of reformers who are convinced that teaching is a simple process of delivering content. That approach is likely to increase test scores, simply by pressuring teachers to teach to the test. But †¦ t’s also likely to interfere with teachers’ ability to lure students into learning† (). Most professionals come into this field of work eager to make a difference, but even the most enthusiastic teachers lose their motivation to excel when they are met with stumbling blocks like standardized teaching methods, teaching to the test, or peer incompetency. Teachers lose their drive to do a good job when they are not allowed to conduct lectures in the way they see fit, but instead, by having to follow a factory type model. Educators lose respect for a system that does not respect them as capable individuals, and requires them to lose their identity and become as impersonal as production line workers. Continuing in the trend of measuring success by test results, teacher quality is also being wrongly assessed, and so our teachers are judged mainly by their students’ test scores in core subjects, even if those results don’t always reflect the students’ true level of education. Moreover, having to make up for their peers’ incompetency only adds to the general frustration. Lazy teachers take advantage of bureaucratic measures like tenure or reassignments, which often doubles the work load for capable teachers, and causes them to surrender under the pressure. Indeed, there are teachers who are just inheretly incompetent, but in most cases, poor teachers are just victims of bad school politics themselves. That’s why a good teacher should be allowed to develop and implement their own technique, unobstructed by counterproductive education policies, in order to guide students towards academic success. Art plays a major role in a nation’s cultural identity, and therefore, it should also be a significant part of children’s scool curriculum. A well rounded education shapes a student’s distinctive personality, and going beyond academics, it should also cultivate appreciation for visual and performing arts. Art education instills in students many qualities that cannot be otherwise be taught, like persevearance, attention to detail, leadership, and setting a high bar for personal excellence. These attitudes are crucial to the proper development of one’s work ethic. Extensive research sheds more light onto the importance of art education in connection to improved academic performance. â€Å"In music we see a lot of connections between studying keyboards and understanding mathematical concepts. We see drama as a way to help early readers develop their comprehension skills. When they have an opportunity to act out the story, they gain a greater comprehension in reading† (Baker 260). Art is fun. It is gratifying. Therefore, unbeknownst to them, the little learners deepen their cognitive skills just by practicing their artistic talents. Students can then use those skills to excel in other areas of the curriculum, by relating science projects to easy-to-understand examlples from the art world. Moreover, fun art programs can be utilized as motivation to bring kids to school. Teachers can improve attendance by craftly alternating fun art sessions with science lectures. Lastly, art education in schools is neccessary for children with extraordinarry artistic abilities, but who are academically challenged. By including creative education in its structure, our school system gives artistic students the opportunity to develop their abilities, and choose a career doing something they love. Thus, due to its versatility, art training helps students not just to gain high academic achievements, but also establish their individuality as valued members of the society. Today’s students will be tomorrow’s professionals, and as adults, they will have a major responsability to our nation’s progress and prosperity. But by then -warn analysts- they might not have the abilities to deliver the needed results, and the culprit is the current approach of our education system. Due to the recent financial crisis, school budgets have shrunk, and as a result, many teachers have been laid off, and schools have eliminated many art programs from their curriculum. Art advocates warn that children educated by the American public schools are not getting enough art education. The design of our current curriculum completely disregards the importance of art education for students’ future, by focusing soley on literacy and numeracy. â€Å"With the emphasis on reading and math skills aimed at passing the tests, school curricula are narrowed, depriving students of valuable exposure to the arts† (Taylor 2). Economic progress is made possible through innovation, and human creativity is at the root of all innovation. A new product comes to life when its creator first envisions it, and then uses their scientific knowledge to bring it to reality. There are countless industries that rely on both science and creativity, and amongst the most notable ones are the entertainment, fashion, and automobile industries. In fact, the perfect example of how visual art and science can be used together successfully is information technology – one of the most profitable industries in the world. Our country’s groudbreaking achievements in that technological field are one of the reasons for America’s competitiveness on the global market. This is proof that cognitive knowledge is necessary to our nation’s development, but it is not enough to drive progress. Therefore, by developing students’ artistic abilities hand in hand with their scientific expertise, the American school system should produce well rounded individuals, capable to promote the economical growth necessary to our nation’s prosperity for generations to come. A well rounded education should come down to a student and a teacher armed with the right tools for success: the teacher’s expertise and a balanced curriculum. The direction of our education system is majorly influenced by political interests, and ruled by the misconception that one size fits all. Yes, with the current strategies, we are producing great businessmen, but not every student is fit to be a businessman. The curriculum should be structured in a way that it can give equal opportunities to all the other students to discover what they’re good at and what they like. Otherwise they won’t be able to keep up, and would eventually drop out of school. That means America would become a nation of businessmen battling for the few jobs available in that field, and school dropouts living a life of poverty and crime. It is a grimm outlook, but also one that seems not far away. That is why our education system is in urgent need for an intervention, especially in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, as our country is searching for a new direction. Minimizing the pressures of political involvment in America’s public schools should allow educators to perform their jobs free of pressure, to help children develop into knowledgeable and innovative citizens who will ensure our nation’s competitiveness in the 21st century.

Is our behavior is ethical Essay

As generally known there are great difficulties concerning this question. The problem really lies in defining the term ethics. Once this has been defined (assuming it is possible) answering the question above is rather simple. One only has to ask whether a behavior is in accordance with that definition or not. Hence in this essay I focus on defining ethics, as far as possible. Socrates was the one, who first introduced the concept of ethical philosophy by claiming that his slave boy, whom he had discovered actually was able to think on his own, should since he was human be treated in a humanitarian way. Many philosophers have since the ancient Greek civilization given their subjective views on the question of what ethics is. To get a better grip on this question I think one should first look at the extremes. One philosopher in this category is Nietzsche. He claimed that ethics are laws created by the weak to protect the weak and that these laws are hindering the strong and creative from reaching his/her full potential. This might sound cruel; nevertheless I think he does have a point. In nature all the weak genes are extinguished due to natural selection, while the moral laws, which man created, will save these defective genes and eventually make us weaker, perhaps resulting in our extinction. Ethics is also a major problem when it comes to scientific progress. It is not allowed to do experiments, which is in any way painful, to human beings. This indeed has not been good seen from a scientific point of view. Especially in the field of psychology, where humans are the subjects examined, does the ethical rules make it difficult to carry out important experiments. Nietzsche meant that discarding some moral laws and acting more instinctively would be good for mankind in the sense that this would give more space for irrational thinking. On the other extreme we have those who claim that there are ethical principles, which one should follow no matter the circumstances. Christianity is one such â€Å"philosophy†. The Bible was meant to be a complete ethical constitution with laws or principals applicable to any situation one might come across. These laws and principals are summed up in the Ten Commandments, which are according to the Christians rules everyone must follow in all situations. Utilitarianism is a third extreme view proposing that the ethical correctness in a behavior should be measured in its consequences, i.e. an action is good if it increases the sum of happiness in the world. There are problem with this perspective, however. Applying this claim as our basic rule of thumb the next question would be; how do we know what amount of happiness is caused by a certain behavior, and how can we measure it? Since we do not even have a good definition of happiness (it is a very subjective term) this seemingly simple rule turns out to be rather complicated and evasive. These three perspectives all seem reasonable when first explained, though serious flaws exist in each perspective. What would the world look like if leaders, in possession of weapons of mass destruction, would act in accordance with their animal instincts? Christian rules also appear imperfect when put into an extreme situation. Imagine yourself standing in a street corner; suddenly a terrified person runs by, two seconds later another out of your mind looking man with a knife raised over his head comes and asks you if you saw in which direction the first man went. Should you tell him the truth? If you are a true Christian you should, since lying is wrong according to the Ten Commandments. The utilitarian perspective seems good since happiness will increase. However, wouldn’t this ethically otherwise horrible action such as World War 2? It has after all had many positive effects such as the creation of the United Nations i.e. the long tern effect has increased happiness on the earth. A world ruled according to this principle would also mean an end to all individual rights. If killing someone would make people happy then it would be justified to execute that individual. Anders Rasmussen, D1099019 My conclusion so far is that it is wrong to make ethical laws or principals; there will always be situations such as the ones exemplified above where it is not appropriate. I think that ethics is subjective and should remain so, since creating laws will most likely lead to misinterpretations and a more inhuman society. Ethics is after all one of the prime things that makes us human. This though is not to say that we should live in total anarchy, people that obviously do harm to mankind should be punished. I believe in rules as long as they don’t take away the individual responsibility. Accepting that ethics is something each individual has to take into consideration in each situation the next issue would be what tools are we in possession of when deciding the ethical correctness in a certain behavior, and more importantly, what tools should we use? John Stuart Mill, a famous utilitarian, claimed that it is through reason, and reason only, that one should decide what to do. Using logical reasoning one should derive as many consequences as possible and measure the happiness they bring and upon these grounds we should decide what to do. Reason I think is very important when it comes to decisions. It is much more objective than the intuition, which is our second tool. To say that we should only use reason, however is to underestimate our intuitive moral sense. Usually when making a decision we have an inner voice that tells us what is good and what is bad. Totally discarding this intuitive feeling, as Mill proposes, is to deny that it is often right (looking at visible the consequences). Freud’s personality theory illustrates our intuition very well. He said that our personality is made up by the ego, the superego and the Id, the ego representing the reasoning and the two latter our intuition. The Id is the animal-like, innate, egoistic instincts seeking satisfaction by uttering sex and aggression energies. The superego is our moral values, which has been inflicted upon us by our surroundings. If the intuition was just a mixture of these two quite opposing forces I would as John Stuart Mill not trust it, but I think that most people are able to separate these two forces from each other and tell, which will is coming from the Id and, which is coming from the superego. It could be seen as a struggle within between the devil and the angel, where we are the ones who have to decide who we should listen to. As long as we do not let the Id (our innate needs) get the upper hand, but instead listens to our superego, the intuition is a very useful tool when taking hard decisions. There are some problems though about the superego. If our values are inflicted upon us by the culture in which we have grown up (a Christian would probably say that they are given to us from God) and thus differs from one culture to another (we can by looking at the world tell that this is the case!) clashes might occur when different societies meet. Since different subjective meanings about what is right and what is wrong will be shared by one society. It is in such situations, when the intuition fails to settle argument, that we should use our more objective tool†¦ the reasoning. Conclusion: First of all we should not create a strict ethical constitution telling us the exact answer to the question â€Å"How do we know if at all that our behavior is ethical?† We should not let the moral philosopher become an engineer. Instead it is the individual that should, in each unique situation, use all available tools and act the way he or she finds most appropriate in the particular situation i.e. â€Å"how do we know, if at all, that our behavior is ethical is a question which will have different answer in different situation and we must therefore ask ourselves this question as often as possible. This is not a â€Å"perfect† system, and it will always create conflicts among us. Still I think taking away all moral responsibility is to take away what makes us human. Truly believing that you are acting ethically is as ethical one can ever get, as a human being. References: Richard.D.Gross (1996): Psychology – The science of mind and behavior, third edition, Hodder & Stoughton Bryan Magee (1998): Story of philosophy, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London Mastering philosophy, second edition (2001), Anthony Harrison-Barbet

buy custom Wal-Mart’s Key International Human Resource Practices essay

buy custom Wal-Mart’s Key International Human Resource Practices essay Wal-Mart is one of the leading organizations in todays corporate world. Its progressive achievements are greatly attributed to the culture and organizational behavior assumed in the organization. One of the most valued departments is the human resource department. Staffing and recruitment in Wal-Mart is a bit diverse. This is because, Sam Walton, the owner of Wal-Mart, believes that his employees are the most valued asset of his organization. Hence, treating them well makes them feel valued, hence, motivating them to work hard and treating the customers well. This is strategic concept since every organization must enhance employee motivation in order to ensure high productivity levels. Sam values his staff so much that he changed his human resource department name to people department. Before Wal-Mart stores expanded to the large organization it now is, Sam used to visit the stores once a year and he would talk to his customers and staff. His employees, on the other hand, would walk to him and they would talk like they were old friends. This kind of attention and his down to earth attitude motivated the employees, and, in turn, they portrayed it to customers. This resulted to a good public image. He treats his employees as family, which has led to increased number of employees, though there have been several law suits against Wal-Mart due to gender discrimination against women (Soderquist, 2005). Recruitment in Wal-Mart stores is done, when new vacancies arise. For instance, in case of a death of an employee, retirement, transfers, promotion, in case there is a new store being opened, or when there is a need of new technology or talent (new breed) in the organization. In this process, senior managers are involved in identifying and hiring great talent as required by the organization. Employees normally sign a cntract to agree to be ready to go for transfer in case of a promotion, which is not easy for female employees. This means the terms of employment are usually clear beforehand to employees. When a need for new employee arises advertisements are made to outside job seekers only if the needed employee cannot be found within the organization. Otherwise, if a vacancy arises, the first priority is given to the qualified employees within the organization. International organizational training and development programs are provided and supported by managers and supervisors. They are involved in identifying and training the needy employees of the organization, hence, improved service provision and personal development of employees, which leads to motivation. Training is organized by managers in their different division or branches, then they consult with the main office or branch and decisions are made on whether to hold on job training or off-the job training or to hold seminars, according to the amount of resource available and the needs of employees. The employees are also trained on the culture, leadership development and diversity is practiced within the boundaries, which lead to right ethical and sensitive behaviors towards the employee and customer, hence, good public relation and growth of the organization (Paauwe, 2004). Wal-Mart leaders from all around the world are trained in Walton institution to learn about the uniqueness of the company culture. The institution provides management skills and helps in developing talents of it customers. The organization is located in different countries like Brazil, Canada, China, and Japan, United Kingdom etc., hence, giving most of Wal-Mart employees a chance to join and attend classes. Training takes place during orientation of new employees to help them cope and familiarize themselves with the organization quickly and easily, hence, quality of work proovided. This kind of training makes employees feel valued. Expatriate training program helps managers and supervisors know how to treat companies employees as the most valued assets of the organization. The program helps them know the need of being divers and people oriented as well as result oriented. Wal-Mart assists in career development of it employees, e.g. through training programs, orientation, team work and career assessment. The only problem that this company is facing is labor turn over due to poor salary and wages and lack of paying attention to employees career needs; they only attend to those needs, when unions intervenes. Though they have been very keen in ensuring that service delivery is effective, they are still struggling with law suits from the employees union. Training programs assist employees to better perform their duties and responsibilities, hence, improving services, provided to the customers of the company. This theory was said and practiced by Sam Walton. He believed that when employees feel valued in a company, it is translated in their performance, which will be reflected back to the company performance (Coburn, 2011). From the above analysis, it is clearly evident that the management of Wal-Mart stores is on point in regards to meeting employees needs. This has translated into high productivity levels. Also, it is clear that leadership is an important part of an organizations success. Waltons leadership style of being extremely close to his juniors has enhanced both horizontal and vertically communication. This, in turn, has helped in the level of motivation of employees and productivity of the organization. This leadership style is one that should be emulated by firms all over the world in order to attain great results. It is evident that valuing the human resource department is an extremely crucial strategy in order to be successful. Buy custom Wal-Mart’s Key International Human Resource Practices essay